Tensions and differences in the cycle of conflict on the Southport Spit. ), Urban Spaces and Cityscapes: Perspectives from modern and contemporary culture. Today, the Gold Coast is one of the most famous tourist cities in Australia and it accommodates more than ten million visitors annually.In the wider Australian context, 85% of the population lives within 50 km of the beach, evidencing popular lifestyle cultural preferences of many Australians. installing dune fencing and maintaining public access ways, running community dune planting and beach clean activities, using designated beach access ways and keeping off the dune vegetation, disposing of rubbish and green organics in the bins provided, reporting camping and vegetation vandalism as soon as possible. Queensland Parliamentary Debates, (Member for Burleigh, ALP), 28/2/2006. Coastal dunes also provide valuable habitat for native wildlife such as birds, reptiles, and invertebrates. 14One place that epitomises the challenges regarding development conflicts and place value in the City of Gold Coast is the Southport Spit. From the great sandy dunes of South Stradbroke Island to the rocky shore at Burleigh Headland, to the coastal wetlands of. It may also contribute to changes in behaviour. Clark, J. R. (1995). Noise pollution from aircraft, cars, buses, (+ snowmobiles and jet skis etc etc)can cause annoyance, stress, and even hearing loss for humans. The Gold Coast in Australia is one of these coastal places, which developed through taking advantage of its environmental assets, such as direct access to the sea, a white sandy shoreline, an extensive and naturally protected broadwater and several large accessible rivers. (ed. Tourism can create great pressure on local resources like energy, food, and other raw materials that may already be in short supply. We suggest that in this statement the Deputy Premier was casting local place attachment as an obstacle in the development process. There are also many national parks, game reserves and conservation areas around the world that help to promote positive environmental impacts of tourism. In the past cruise ships would simply dump their waste while out at sea. The Gold Coast Transformed, From Wilderness to Urban Ecosystem, CSIRO. The Griffith Institute for Tourism undertook some research to better understand what Australians want when they consider a holiday on the Gold Coast. Everyone Knew Everyone: A Community History of Burleigh Heads, Gold Coast: Gold Coast City Council. Smith, Mrs (2006). All decisions taken by the Government were to be, and in fact were, based upon the advice of the Board. Carver and V. Ylli (2009). Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry:Air emissions;noise pollution;solid waste and littering; sewage; oil and chemicals. As such the production, sale and consumption of goods and services providing pleasure has become so deftly woven into the economic landscape of the City that it is not easy to isolate them in policy or practice. Our coast provides significant economic, social and environmental benefits, making coastal management a serious and important issue for us all. Those that did use the Spit regularly, as the surveys testify, perhaps took the Spit for granted or felt disempowered. For the Gold Coast dining overlooking the beach was very appealing, and so were other activities on the beach or around the waterways. Review of the Implementation of Oceans Policy, Hobart, TFG International. La ville de Gold Coast concentre malheureusement nombre de ces conflits; le dernier en date concernant le projet de construction dun terminal de bateaux de croisire et/ou dun casino avec quelques tours residentielles sur une langue de terre protge (le Spit).Lobjectif de cet article est de montrer comment lvolution et la rsolution des conflits sur le Spit de Gold Coast, tous lis des projets de dveloppements touristiques, refltent non seulement lvolution de la valeur dun lieu et lapproche nationale du dveloppement du littoral, mais aussi le changement vers une meilleure protection du littoral. There was little or no planning legislation in place to protect the coastline. An uneasy coexistence: An Aboriginal perspective of contact history in Southeast Queensland, Aboriginal History, 18(2): 87-94. Gold Coast, Burchill Strategic Projects. Urry, J. After the devastating fires of 2019 Binna Burra Lodge is back, giving Gold Coast eco-tourism a great reputation. Carter, J., P. Dyer and B. Sharma (2007). It is ironic really, that tourism often destroys the very things that it relies on! Community Engagement: Practical strategies for empowerment or wishful narrative?, URL: . Abstract. Implemented as part of Our Beaches Strategy, the dune restoration works program aims to: The program is delivered over 14 ocean beaches and 7 foreshore areas within The Broadwater. SUSTAINABILITY. Yet as a coastal city characterised by extensive residential canal estates (400 kilometers of canals, ten times more than in Venice), there is limited scholarship investigating local coastal management activities within the dominating and overarching context of tourism development. Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing. For example, one trekking tourist in Nepal can use four to five kilograms of wood a day! Cruise ships are estimated to produce more than 70,000 tons of waste each year. The Premier did not directly acknowledge that this decision reflected the views of over 22,000 local residents (SOSA, d). 7The Gold Coast coastline has, not surprisingly, been significantly impacted by the rapid urbanisation (Figure 2); specifically during the post-war period (the glorious Fifties), and continuing into the 1960s and again in the early 1990s. 11One challenge for planners is to find the balance between fostering new development for a rapidly growing population and preserving the heritage and character of the existing urban realm. The impacts intensify during extreme weather events. Donning the social constructionist goggles allows us to observe the built and natural landscape as a social-spatial framework within which people, from different cultural, social and economic groups, interact and create a shared sense of place (Greider and Garkovich, 1994; Mangun, 2009). Because of its ability to attract thousands of tourists year after year, the Gold Coast has managed to provide jobs to thousands of its residents and it has become a more attractive place to move to. Place values participate to city branding (come to surf to Kirra, whale season!, etc.). Beach sieving is conducted 365 days per year, with approximately 64 acres of sand sieved per night. 20% said that growing Gold Coast tourism has positive affect on personal quality of life and 62% said that there is a positive effect on community as a whole. Wise, P. (2006). Bosman, C. and J. Strickland (2015). Anyway, air pollution from tourist transportation has impacts on a global level, especially from CO2 emissions related to transportation energy use. (2001). 16% of Queensland respondents rated tourism as affecting their personal quality of life 'positively (2)' or 'very positively (3)'. Values of Place: Measuring Attitudes of Community Leaders Toward Scenes from Rural Landscapes, Society & Natural Resources, 22(7): 665-673. Describe the impacts of tourism in Nepal (1:02~01:43) The intensive tourism has been only developed for the last 20 years. To ensure our beaches and foreshores retain their sparkle, we invest in a range of cleaning and management services. The city is renowned for its natural environment, with 57 kilometres of coastal strip with pristine beaches and unique hinterland landscapes featuring several national parks. And if the Spit is developed will this be just another link in a long chain of development conflict cycles, none ever completely resolved? The tensions and differences between the two groups of players seem irreconcilable (see table 1). Gold Coast is not only all that glitters: Understanding visitor and resident perceptions of the Gold Coast, Australian Planner, IXII. A lack of land-use planning and building regulations in many destinations has facilitated sprawling developments along coastlines, valleys and scenic routes. The Board was set up to advise the Premier and the Coordinator General to undertake tasks as required by the Government. The Economic Impacts of Tourism on the Gold Coast [West, Guy, Bayne, Barbara] on Amazon.com. No matter which perspective is more accurate, the fact remains that this conflict of interests resulted in Aborigines dying in large numbers, some shot by Native Police, some poisoned by settlers (Moore, 1990). We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. , 1840-1860, B.A. For tourist areas such as the City of Gold Coast, place is not simply a location it is a culmination of social processes along with tourist perceptions, or an intersection of various global flows, not just of money or capital, but of visitors (Urry, 1995). thesis, University of Queensland. Language, and in particular advertising, is a key constructor of place, especially with regard to tourist places. One study estimated that a single transatlantic return flight emits almost half the CO2 emissions produced by all other sources (lighting, heating, car use, etc.) Taylor, J. No matter which perspective is more accurate, the fact remains that this conflict of interests resulted in Aborigines dying in large numbers, some shot by Native Police, some poisoned by settlers (Moore, 1990). 6Like all cities in Australia, the City of Gold Coast was developed with the European colonisation of the country and the successive waves of migration. City Maintenance calculate there is approximately . Patrimoines naturels, socio-conomiques et culturels des territoires insulaires : quel avenir ? Despites this shift in national government approach to coastal management, conflicts still regularly make the headlines regarding the management and development of coastal areas in Australia. This was partly because, as Urry (1995) argues, planners, urban designers and developers (new players) often perceive place meaning in accordance with preconceived notions and predetermined outcomes. In drier regions, like the Mediterranean, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern. Wise, P. and S. Breen (2004). Today the city welcomes more than 12 million visitors annually (ABS, 2015). To heighten this inbred decision making process, the State Government called for expressions of interest from developers at the same time as it commissioned an EIS for the site (Bligh, 2005). Marina Destinations: Innovation & Lifestyle. AllHRSP.com.auGuest enquiries must be referred to theHRSP.com.auoffice located off-site in central Surfers Paradise (https://hrsp.com.au/office.pdf),[emailprotected] or Live Chat: Click to chat. Dis-placed voices: sense of place and place-identity on the Sunshine Coast, Social and Cultural Geography, 8(5): 755-773. Despite multiple community values attached to the Southport Spit, it has nonetheless been dogged with development proposals since the early 1960s. The Concrete Corridor: Strategizing Impermanence in a Frontier City, Media International Australia / Cultural Policy, 112: 162-173. We collaborate with external agencies including: The 2021-22 Beach Health Report assesses the health of Gold Coast ocean beaches annually. Importantly, by declaring the project as a Significant Development the local planning Authority, The Gold Coast City Council, and significantly local communities (old players), were positioned as observers with no authority to input into the project other than decreed and regulated by the State Government (new player). With no overriding jurisdiction covering the enforcement of planning law in coastal areas, many social, environmental and development conflicts arose. Despites this shift in national government approach to coastal management, conflicts still regularly make the headlines regarding the management and development of coastal areas in Australia. As a transformational event, GC2018 presents a unique opportunity to demonstrate leadership in sustainability by delivering to international standards of best practice, leaving positive economic, environmental, social and community legacies that last beyond the Closing Ceremony. The most significant of these was yet another cruise ship terminal proposal in mid-2012; this time emanating from the City of Gold Coast Council Mayor, Tom Tate (Figure 6). For many coastal cities such as the City of Gold Coast, the challenge is compounded, as activities in the coastal zone (land and water) significantly contribute to creating a sense of place. thesis, University of Queensland. While many other coastal cities relied on port facilities to develop commercial and naval activities, the City of Gold Coast emerged and grew as a tourism destination. Following large storm events, beach crews clean up large debris such as logs and hazardous materials. This would inevitably have had severe consequences for the wildlife living in the area. The conflict between new and old values, interests and land uses of the different players in this game have not abated, nor is resolution any closer. Not surprisingly most respondents indicated that they spent over three hours at the Spit at any one time. "The main problem in understanding environmental impacts of tourism is that few scientific tools exist to determine the more subtle changes. The Waterways Authority were frequently involved in controversy over commercial development rights on public land in the city (Condon, 2006). It may also contribute towards aggressive behaviour when animals try to protect their young or savage for food that has become scarce as a result of tourism development. In particular, potential visitors from other Australian cities seek the opportunity for activities where they can connect with each other (especially family and couples who are the primary markets for the Gold Coast). In this post, I will explain why the environmental impacts of tourism are an important consideration and what the commonly noted positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism are. Best recognises that the Yugambeh people, the traditional owners of much of South East Queensland, continue to fight a battle both social and environmental, to ensure that their cultural heritage is respected and not exploited (Best, 1994). Anderson, B. Burchill, G. (2005). This was despite the existing framework that was established under the National Cooperative Approach to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and the Australias Oceans Policy. A member of Parliament at the time in support of the governments Spit development proposal argued that The Beattie Government has a duty to provide, amongst other things, economic stability and employment opportunities for the people of this State (Smith, 2006). Holidaying on the Gold Coast, In C. Bosman, A. Dedekorkut-Howes and A. Leach (eds. With the rise in sustainable tourism and an increased number of initiatives for being environmentally friendly, tourists and stakeholders alike are now recognising the importance of environmental management in the tourism industry. The cycle can be broken up into five, often difficult to define, phases (see figure 3). (2015) have demonstrated that the policy did not lived up its promise as the major instrument driving oceans management in Australia, and that sector based management remains the main modus operandi. and Stedman, R.C. The Issue Paper and public consultation associated with it was essentially about the making of places; viable places that were valued by new and old players alike. I remember asking my class to calculate their carbon footprint one lesson only to be very embarrassed that my emissions were A LOT higher than theirs due to the amount of flights I took each year compared to them. If you are studying the environmental impacts of tourism or if you are interested in learning more about the environmental impacts of tourism, I have compiled a short reading list for you below. These old players include local communities and local organisations (SOSA and GECKO). Importantly, the survey data indicated that the Spit environs were perceived as a safe and valuable community asset. HRSP.com.au Guests cannot check-in or check-out at the building's on-site reception. The old players continue to advocate for more transparent governance and to protect the quality of life that has become intrinsic to a valued, renowned and iconic Gold Coast lifestyle (Bosman, 2016) and identity (Potts et al, 2013). Place: A Short Introduction, Carlton, Blackwell. , Chapter 6, URL: . In marine areas many tourist activities occur in or around fragile ecosystems. Shibley (2000). Management of the AONB is designed to minimise the negative impacts of visitor pressure. Moore, C. (1990). This type of development and land use contravenes the newly legislated Gold Coast planning instrument, The City Plan (2015), which prohibits residential land use and has a building high restriction of three floors. The Gold Coast is one of the most important tourism destinations in Australia. Safety issues relating to the use of seaway. Adolescent Urbanism: The growing pains of the Gold Coast. Based on a sample of 1,759 Australians, mostly from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, and more in-depth focus group research in Melbourne with the couples and family markets, we found some interesting pointers. Being a Gold Coast Tourism partner, we strive to help you make well-informed choices without burning a hole in your pocket. In addition, other smaller private and commercial development proposals continue to be lodged for this section of prime public undeveloped, somewhat raw, open space. Wescott, G. (2008). An example of this was the carbon offsetting fee that I could . Hay, I. It did however mark a change in decision-making processes, as did the (temporary) securing of the Spit as a free, undeveloped; public open space. The Concrete Corridor: Strategizing Impermanence in a Frontier City. URL: . Marx, K. (1959). Burton, P. (2012). Government regulation is . Submission to the Parliament House, Committee on Climate Change, Water, Environment and the Arts, URL: . The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The Berghof Handbook II. Each beach area has a Dune Restoration Works Action Plan. Proceedings of UHPH 14 Landscapes and ecologies of urban history and planning: Passion, Power & Prejudice: A Remarkable Untold Account of a Magic City in the Making Gold Coast. As a result, wastewater has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist attractions around the world. Tourists increase spending on the Gold Coast, There is always something to do on the Gold Coast. Jorgensen, B.S. The Economic Impacts of Tourism on the Gold Coast . Tourism is a large, diffuse global industry. During this time, the Gold Coast transformed from small resort town to become an international tourist city (Dedekorkut-Howes & Bosman, 2015). The 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study Issues Paper was part of this endeavour to address local issues at the local scale and take into account local place values and interests. This situation also reflected the wider commonwealth disengagement from state planning concerns and the failure of all levels of government to implement policy (Vince, 2008; Wescott, 2002). Currently, rainforest experiences in the Gold Coast hinterland are very limited, indicating a major development opportunity. The Gold Coast has been consistently one of the most visited regions in all of Australia. This is all but one sad example of the environmental impacts of tourism. Development Versus Coastal Protection: The Gold Coast Case Study (Australia), Dveloppement touristique vs protection du littoral: le cas de Gold Coast (Australie). The Gold Coast is one of the most popular spots in Australia with 4.2 million visitors a year. Instead the augment put forward by the government was that the decision not to proceed was based on the cost to taxpayers; an economic, rationale not an environmental, nor a cultural, and certainly not a social or community rationale. Every year, thousands of domestic and international tourists choose our beautiful region for their holiday destination due to several reasons. This trajectory did not, at the time, succeed in obtaining jurisdictional powers that would require State/Commonwealth cooperation in resolving complex, place-based conflicts. Will we, one day, develop place-attachment for a cruise ship terminal or casino on the Spit? For instance, Dekker. Vince, J. (eds), Advancing Conflict Transformation. This pattern is immersed within the history of Southport as discussed below and the Gold Coast as a whole (see for example Whelan, 2006). Environmental aspects are little studied, with 1,500 publications in total. Mangun, J.C., A.D. In order to maintain the cultural as well as economic benefits of coastal amenities, Gold Coast beach nourishment projects have been undertaken since the mid-1970s. Dining experiences were also very important to visitors, especially when they occur in the natural environment. All of these factors contribute to a decline and reduction in the size of coral reefs worldwide. feaces in the water upstream!! The report is supplemented with short-term forecasts of the macroeconomic drivers of the Gold Coast economy. Feedback | 30If we analyze the history of the development of the Spit in relation to the conflicts cycle mentioned in the introduction, it appears that this site remains a major object of desire for any new players on the Gold Coast. Anchoring, scuba diving, yachting and cruising are some of the activities that can cause direct degradation of marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. Place meaning and values emerge out of everyday activities and are produced through and by global and societal influences. The 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study Issues Paper was part of this endeavour to address local issues at the local scale and take into account local place values and interests. In an effort to save the Spit from major development a second rally took place in November 2012 and studies indicated that the Spit environs have been identified as a key environmental asset worth more than $611 million for the city (Weston 2013). An average golf course in a tropical country such as Thailand needs 1500kg of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides per year and uses as much water as 60,000 rural villagers. Increased sediments in the water can affect growth. Conflict then potentially occurs as a result of the difference in place values between the new and old players/community members. The report provides the City with valuable information on: The City has a comprehensive data collection regime to monitor our coastline. (2008). It takes our beach tractors about 10 days to sieve all sand, depending on tides. Burton, P. (2016). This holding pattern is perhaps the new norms. George, J., chair (2009). Nevertheless, on Friday 03 August 2007 (just over two years from the first public announcement) the Premier Peter Beattie proclaimed that the Cruise Ship Terminal on the Spit would not proceed. The Southport Spit is also an important place within the rapidly changing landscapes of the City of Gold Coast, since it is land that constitutes the last genuine ocean-side parcel of undeveloped real estate on the Gold Coast (Condon, 2006) and it has significant social and cultural meanings and attachments for many Gold Coast residents (see SOSA a; Condon, 2003; Lazarow and Tomlinson, 2009). The most important resort within the Gold Coast is Surfers Paradise, famous for its fabulous beaches and surfing. Because of the seasonal character of the industry, many destinations have ten times more inhabitants in the high season as in the low season. (2008). Conflict, Change and Conflict Resolution, In Austin, B. Fischer, M., Giessmann, H. J. One thing that did emerge from the data was that all respondents who indicated that they were unaware of the development proposals also indicated that they were against development on the Spit, but not necessarily opposed to the upgrade of facilities. Today, it boasts facilities that that rival most Australian capitals. Natural, this is worse in areas with mass tourism and overtourism. 2023 Dr Hayley Stainton, all rights reserved. This is almost double what the inhabitants of an average Spanish city use. For example, wildlife viewing can bring about stress for the animals and alter their natural behaviour when tourists come too close. In addition the Government sought direct control over the proposal, feasibility and development of the project. Belonging as a resource: the case of Ralphs Bay, Tasmania, and the local politics of place, Environment & Planning A, 41: 796-810. Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coral result from shoreline development. Qualitative Research Methods In Human Geography, Melbourne, Oxford University Press. Bosman, C. and J. Strickland (2015). Tourism is . Australias Oceans Policy: Past, present and future, Johannes Bjelke-Petersen: The Lord's Premier. The Premier did not directly acknowledge that this decision reflected the views of over 22,000 local residents (SOSA, d). Memories and frequency of visits contributed to the high value attributed to these two indicators. A high demand is placed upon these resources to meet the high expectations tourists often have (proper heating, hot water, etc.). Other tourism related developments on the Spit were also approved during this time and were subsequently built, renovated and extended: an exclusive shopping precinct, a commercial fishing wharf (now also accommodates super yacht berths), an exclusive resort complex and an international hotel and apartment complex (Figure 4). No wonder more. The region offers kilometres of pristine surfing beaches, backed by a hinterland that is littered with waterfalls and natural wonders. Type the characters you see in the image below, Catchment & Citizen Science Grants Program, Business incentives & investment programs, Copy of decision notice or plan of development, Development application pre-lodgement advice, Lodge a submission to have your say on a development application, Appealing a development application decision, Residential plumbing & drainage applications, Commercial plumbing & drainage applications, Concurrency plumbing & drainage applications, Stormwater and sediment control on building sites, Building development on cultural heritage sites, Tree & vegetation removal on private land, Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project, Queensland Department of Environment and Science.

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