Since the associated data storage and analysis costs would be prohibitive, the experiment does not record all collisions. Lepton-flavor-dependent angular analysis of BK*+. Predictions for lepton flavor universality violation in rare B decays in models with gauged LL. Bay,V. Bellee,F. Blanc,S. A. Bouchiba,S. Celani,S. Cholak,M. De Cian,S. Ek-In,L. Ferreira Lopes,E. Graverini,G. Haefeli,D. Hill,V. S. Kirsebom,V. Macko,M. Marinangeli,T. Nakada,T. Nanut,T. D. Nguyen,C. Nguyen-Mau,G. Pietrzyk,F. Redi,A. High Energy Phys. The CMS collaboration Measurement of angular parameters from the decay B0K*0+ in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=\) 8 TeV. J. High Energy Phys. Lett. In particular, in the RK ratio, the denominator is affected by larger statistical uncertainties than the numerator, owing to the larger number of non-resonant muonic signal candidates. These ratios have been determined to be 2.12.5 standard deviations below their respective SM expectations3,4,5,6,7,16,17,18,19,20,21,22. Lees, J. P. et al. To avoid unconscious bias, the analysis procedure was developed and the cross-checks described below performed before the result for RK was examined. J. Methods A 462, 152155 (2001). D 88, 032007 (2013). Phys. The rJ/ ratio is therefore also computed as a function of different kinematic variables. 118, 031802 (2017). Such decays also exhibit some tension with the SM predictions but the extent of residual QCD effects is still the subject of debate3,21,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47. No significant trend is observed in either rJ/ distribution. The SM is unable to explain cosmological observations of the dominance of matter over antimatter, the apparent dark matter content of the Universe, or the patterns seen in the interaction strengths of the particles. The determination of the rJ/ ratio requires control of the relative selection efficiencies for the resonant electron and muon modes and does not therefore benefit from the cancellation of systematic effects in the double ratio used to measure RK. The LHCb Collaboration, Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, Nature Physics 18, (2022) 277-282. Beaujean, F., Bobeth, C. & van Dyk, D. Comprehensive Bayesian analysis of rare (semi)leptonic and radiative B decays. Rev. Slider with three articles shown per slide. B. Rodrigues,O. Schneider,S. Schulte,L. Shchutska,P. Stefko,M. E. Stramaglia,M. T. Tran,C. Trippl,A. Tully,M. Van Dijk,M. Vieites Diaz&E. Zaffaroni, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, J. J. 8, P02013 (2013). For the muon modes, the residual background is combinatorial and, for the resonant mode, there is an additional contribution from B+J/+ decays with a pion misidentified as a kaon. Lees, J. P. et al. 12, 131 (2014). A significant proportion (0.7%) of this uncertainty comes from the limited knowledge of the K spectrum in B(0,+)K+(,0)e+e decays. Fan,Y. Gan,G. Gong,C. Gu,F. Jiang,Y. Kang,X. Liu,Y. Luo,H. Mu,Z. Ren,J. Wang,M. Wang,Z. Wang,L. Xu,D. Yang,Z. Yang,M. Zeng,L. Zhang&X. Zhu, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, P. E. L. Clarke,R. Currie,S. Eisenhardt,S. Gambetta,K. Gizdov,S. E. Mitchell,F. Muheim,M. Needham,S. Petrucci,G. Robertson,M. R. J. Williams&J. Rev. 11,12, the P value is computed by integrating the posterior probability density function for RK, having folded in the theory uncertainty on the SM prediction, for RK values larger than the SM expectation. In addition, a 0.2% systematic uncertainty is assigned for the potential contribution from partially reconstructed decays with two additional pions. Alguer, M. et al. 2. Measurements of the S-wave fraction in B0K++ decays and the B0K*(892)0+ differential branching fraction. J. In the latter two decays, the kaon is misidentified as a lepton and the lepton (of the same electric charge) as a kaon. Sun, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia, I. Belov,A. Berezhnoy,I. V. Gorelov,M. Korolev,A. Leflat,N. Nikitin,D. Savrina&V. Zhukov, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, I. Belyaev,A. Danilina,V. Egorychev,D. Golubkov,P. Gorbounov,A. Konoplyannikov,T. Kvaratskheliya,V. Matiunin,T. Ovsiannikova,D. Pereima,D. Savrina,A. Semennikov&A. Smetkina, INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy, G. Bencivenni,L. Calero Diaz,S. Cali,P. Campana,P. Ciambrone,P. De Simone,P. Di Nezza,M. Giovannetti,G. Lanfranchi,G. Morello,M. Palutan,M. Poli Lener,M. Rotondo,M. Santimaria&B. Sciascia, LPNHE, Sorbonne Universit, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cit, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France, E. Ben-Haim,P. Billoir,L. Calefice,M. Charles,L. Del Buono,S. Esen,M. Fontana,V. V. Gligorov,T. Grammatico,F. Polci,R. Quagliani,D. Y. Tou,P. Vincent&S. G. Weber, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Universita e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy, A. Bertolin,D. Lucchesi,M. Morandin,L. Sestini,G. Simi&D. Zuliani, Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakw, Poland, J. Bhom,J. T. Borsuk,J. Brodzicka,A. Chernov,M. Chrzaszcz,M. W. Dudek,A. Dziurda,M. Goncerz,M. Jezabek,W. Kucewicz,M. Kucharczyk,T. Lesiak,J. J. Malczewski,A. Ossowska,K. Prasanth,M. Witek&M. Zdybal, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, L. Bian,H. Cai,B. Fang,X. Huang,L. Sun&J. Wang, S. Bifani,R. Calladine,G. Chatzikonstantinidis,N. Cooke,J. Plews,M. W. Slater,P. N. Swallow&N. K. Watson, Universit di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, M. Bjrn,K. M. Fischer,F. Goncalves Abrantes,B. R. Gruberg Cazon,T. H. Hancock,N. Harnew,M. John,L. Li,S. Malde,R. A. Mohammed,C. H. Murphy,T. Pajero,M. Pili,H. Pullen,V. Renaudin,A. Rollings,L. G. Scantlebury Smead,J. C. Smallwood,F. Suljik,G. Wilkinson&Y. Zhang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, T. Boettcher,D. C. Craik,O. Kitouni,C. Weisser&M. Williams, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, A. Boldyrev,D. Derkach,M. Hushchyn,M. Karpov,A. Maevskiy,F. Ratnikov,A. Ryzhikov&A. Ustyuzhanin, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia, A. Bondar,S. Eidelman,P. Krokovny,V. Kudryavtsev,T. Maltsev,L. Shekhtman&V. Vorobyev, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, S. Braun,A. D. Fernez,M. Franco Sevilla,P. M. Hamilton,A. Jawahery,W. Parker,Y. The uncertainties on parameters used in the simulation model of the signal decays affect the q2 distribution and hence the selection efficiency. Part. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector . Altmannshofer, W. & Yavin, I. Angular analysis of the B0K*0+ decay using 3fb1 of integrated luminosity. Energy Phys. & Tech. s B. Coelho,F. Desse,F. Machefert,E. M. Niel,P. Robbe,M. H. Schune&G. Wormser, L. Anderlini,A. Bizzeti,G. Graziani,S. Mariani,G. Passaleva&M. Veltri, M. Andreotti,W. Baldini,C. Bozzi,R. Calabrese,M. Fiorini,E. Franzoso,C. Giugliano,P. Griffith,M. Guarise,S. Kotriakhova,E. Luppi,A. Minotti,L. Minzoni,I. Neri,L. L. Pappalardo,B. Passalacqua,B. G. Siddi,I. Slazyk,L. Tomassetti&S. Vecchi, Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitt Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, F. Archilli,S. Bachmann,D. Berninghoff,M. Borsato,G. Frau,D. Gerick,J. P. Grabowski,P. A. Gnther,X. Han,S. Hansmann-Menzemer,J. Hu,R. Kopecna,B. Leverington,P. Li,H. Malygina,J. Aad, G. et al. Lees, J. P. et al. A. Monroy&J. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, particles such as beauty quarks should decay into either muons or electrons in equal measure. This double ratio is expected to be close to unity2 and is determined to be 0.9970.011, where the uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic effects, the former of which dominates. 1, left). J. Measurement of \({{{\mathcal{R}}}}(D)\) and \({{{\mathcal{R}}}}({D}^{* })\) with a semileptonic tagging method. High Energy Phys. In the muon case, K[] combinations with mass smaller than \(m_{D^0}\) are rejected. The pT spectrum of the B+J/K+ decays is similar to that of the corresponding B+K++ decays such that the measurement of rJ/ tests the kinematic region relevant for the RK measurement. A. Bertolin. The latter also tend to accumulate around specific values of m(K++). The extent of the dark, medium and light blue regions shows the values allowed for RK at 1, 3 and 5 levels. Search for lepton-universality violation in B+K++ decays. The signal is represented by the orange shaded region and the various cascade background contributions by red, dark blue and light blue shaded regions. Rev. Rev. 109, 101802 (2012). refers to partially reconstructed B hadron decays. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction. The residual contribution from such decays is considered as a source of systematic uncertainty. Phys. The LHCb collaboration et al. Analogous background sources with a misidentified particle are reduced by applying a similar veto, but with the lepton mass hypothesis changed to that of a pion (denoted []). Uncertainties on the data points are statistical only and represent one standard deviation. Review of particle physics. Likhomanenko, T. et al. 2). 2). Hambrock, C., Hiller, G., Schacht, S. & Zwicky, R. BK* form factors from flavor data to QCD and back. 18 (2022) 277 [ arXiv:2103.11769] [ INSPIRE ]. J. Lett. decays of heavy quarks. Phys. For each of the classifiers, a requirement is placed on the output variable to maximize the predicted significance of the non-resonant signal yield. 2015, 115 (2015); erratum 2018, 145 (2018). Test of lepton universality using B 0 K S 0 l + l- and B + K* + l + l- decays.. Today at the CERN seminar and at the Rencontres de Blois the LHCb Collaboration presented new tests of lepton universality, one of the basic principles of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The width of the constraint is determined by adding the contributions from the different sources in quadrature. This gives. The invariant mass of the final state particles, m(K++), is used to discriminate between signal and background contributions, with the signal expected to accumulate around the known mass of the B+ meson. The analogous ratio has also been measured for \({\Lambda }_{b}^{0}\) decays with H=pK and is compatible with unity at the level of one standard deviation23. Serra, N., Silva Coutinho, R. & van Dyk, D. Measuring the breaking of lepton flavor universality in BK*+. Phys. J. The latest LHCb result is the first test of lepton universality made using the decays of beauty baryonsthree-quark particles containing at least one beauty quark. 4. Descotes-Genon, S., Hofer, L., Matias, J. The authors declare no competing interests. However, it is clear that the model is incomplete. In addition, the likelihood profile shown in Extended Data Fig. This can be interpreted as a world-leading test of lepton flavour universality in (2S)+ decays. Extended Data Fig. The notation \({\pi }_{[\to {e}^{-}]}^{-}\) (\({e}_{[\to {\pi }^{-}]}^{-}\)) is used to denote an pion (electron) that is reconstructed as an electron (pion). Whenever B+J/(+)K+ events are used to correct the simulation, the correlations between calibration and measurement samples are taken into account in the results and cross-checks presented in this paper. The proportion of signal candidates that migrate in and out of the q2 region of interest is on the order of 10%. Ser. In all fits, the combinatorial background is modelled with an exponential function with a freely varying yield and shape. J. B-decay discrepancies after Moriond 2019. All contributing authors, as listed at the end of the manuscript, have contributed to the publication, being variously involved in the design and construction of the detector, writing software, calibrating sub-systems, operating the detector, acquiring data and analysing the processed data. Conf. The decays involve the transformation of a beauty quark into a strange quark (bs) plus a lepton pair ( + - or e + e - ), a process that is highly suppressed in the Standard Model but which could be affected by the existence of new particles, whose masses could be too high to be produced directly at the Large Hadron Collider. Rev. Phys. 12, 104 (2020). The fit projections for the m(K++) and mJ/(K++) distributions are shown in Fig. The particles are required to originate from a common vertex, displaced from the protonproton interaction point, with good vertex-fit quality. D 94, 072007 (2016). 108, 081807 (2012). Gligorov, V. V. & Williams, M. Efficient, reliable and fast high-level triggering using a bonsai boosted decision tree. 3, S08005 (2008). Eur. ADS J. Phys. Particle Data Group et al. 2006, 026 (2006). LHCb collaboration et al. Nucl. High Energy Phys. Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays Standard Model of particle physics currently predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. The consistency of this ratio with unity demonstrates control of the efficiencies well in excess of that needed for the determination of RK. 118, 111801 (2017). Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, M. Adinolfi,S. Bhasin,P. Camargo Magalhaes,M. G. Chapman,R. Lane,S. Maddrell-Mander,L. R. Madhan Mohan,A. M. Marshall,P. Naik,D. P. OHanlon,K. Petridis,G. J. Pomery,J. H. Rademacker,J. J. Velthuis,R. Wang,B. D. C. Westhenry&M. Whitehead, Universit Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, MI, France, H. Afsharnia,Z. Ajaltouni,E. Cogneras,O. Deschamps,R. Lefvre,J. Maratas,S. Monteil,P. Perret,D. Popov,H. Sazak,L. Soares Lavra&V. Tisserand, C. A. Aidala,D. S. Fitzgerald,S. H. Lee,K. R. Mattioli,C. Nunez,J. D. Roth&D. M. Shangase, S. Aiola,J. Fu,P. Gandini,L. Henry,D. Marangotto,A. Merli,N. Neri,M. Petruzzo&E. Spadaro Norella, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, S. Akar,P. Ilten,B. Meadows,C. Pappenheimer,M. D. Sokoloff,M. Stahl&D. Vieira, Fakultt Physik, Technische Universitt Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany, J. Albrecht,A. Battig,M. Becker,M. S. Bieker,J. The standard model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. D 93, 014028 (2016). Article Lett. Altmannshofer, W., Niehoff, C., Stangl, P. & Straub, D. M. Status of the BK*+ anomaly after Moriond 2017. Phys. Ratio between the likelihood value (L) and that found by the fit (\({L}_{\max }\)) as a function of RK. Energy Phys. It would therefore constitute a significant evolution in our understanding and would challenge an inference based on a wealth of experimental data in other processes. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$.. Correspondence to B Aubert, B. et al. A comparable uncertainty arises from the limited size of the calibration samples, with negligible contributions from the calibration of the B+ production kinematics and modelling of the selection and particle-identification efficiencies. For illustration, the expected distribution of signal candidates with true q2 outside the interval [1.1,6.0]GeV2/c4 is shown as a grey dashed and dotted line. Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays . This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. For the non-resonant candidates, the m(K+e+e)and m(K++)distributions are fitted with a likelihood function that has the B+K++ yield and RK as fit parameters and the resonant decay mode yields incorporated as Gaussian-constraint terms. Sifting through proton . Compared with the previous LHCb RK result11, the experimental method is essentially identical but the analysis uses an additional 4fb1 of data collected in 2017 and 2018. Rev. Rev. Previous measurements have shown a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. Although this may not be happening, it suggests a new study by the LHCb Collaboration at CERN. Lett. The ATLAS collaboration et al. Phys. Right: a possible new physics contribution to the decay with a hypothetical leptoquark (LQ) which, unlike the electroweak bosons, could have different interaction strengths with the different types of leptons.

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