3/4, 1979, pp. Much later, Claudian (ca. In an Arcadian tradition, the abduction took place in a chasm of Mount Cyllene, above Pheneus; when the locals informed Demeter of what had happened, the goddess rewarded them by granting them the power to never lose more than 100 men in any war (Conon, Narrations 15). Please enter a valid email and try again. Melino - gaz.wiki Demeter. In Brills New Pauly, edited by Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider, Christine F. Salazar, Manfred Landfester, and Francis G. Gentry. ", In the earliest mention of Zagreus, he is paired with Gaia (Earth) and called the highest god [of the underworld?] Rather, he spends quite a bit of time in Kronos stomach before Zeus eventually rescues him and his siblings to fight in the war against the Titans, overthrowing Kronos and establishing Zeus as the leader of the universe. ORPHIC HYMNS 28, 29, 68, 70. THEOI Greek Mythology, Theoi Project. 118. The association of Dionysos with Zagreus appears first explicitly in a fragment of Callimachus preserved in the Etymologicum Magnum (fr. : . The two colored tunic represents the myth saying she was of two shades. It is, once again, a position that seems especially fitting for a female, as women, who conceive and carry new life within their own bodies, are inextricably tied to both. Pausanias, Description of Greece 7.21.12. 23 BCE), and Pausanias (ca. Similarly, in On the Nature of the Gods, the Roman statesman and stylist Cicero (10643 BCE) presents her as a human agricultural innovator who was eventually deified. This syncretisation of the Great God of Odessos Pluto with Darzalas and Serapis in Roman times is due to emperor cult, practiced in the temple of the Great God of Odessos Pluto/Darzalas/Serapis. Kernyi links the figure of Zagreus with archaic Dionysiac rites in which small animals were torn limb from limb and their flesh devoured raw, "not as an emanation of the Greek Dionysian religion, but rather as a migration or survival of a prehistoric rite". 496406/5 BCE), a tragedy that is now lost. Long, C. R. The Twelve Gods of Greece and Rome. Her Hades 2 received a surprise announcement at the 2022 Game Awards, and it promises to take players beyond the Underworld in the company of a new heroine, Melino. According to Orphic hymns, he was the son of Zeus and Persephone, who Zeus seduced in the form of a drakon (dragon-like serpent), though an Aeschylus fragment from the 5th century BCE claims that Hades was his father. 370after 404 CE) would again retell the myth of the abduction of Persephone in his Rape of Proserpina. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967. Melino | Wiki | Pagans & Witches Amino Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.25.47; cf. Hellenic Mysteries in Thrace. Sign up now for weekly facts, the latest blogs, and interesting features. Melinoe is the Goddess of ghosts and spirits. She was either the daughter of Hades and Persephone or of Persephone and Zeus. Melaina ("The Black One") is the under-earth or chthonic aspect of the Greek Great Goddess, said to bring nightmares. bringer of nightmares and madness; she wandered the earth at night with a retinue of ghosts. God of Georg Wissowa and August Friedrich Pauly, vol. What were Demeters attributes? Persephones annual rebirth symbolized the eternity of life which flows from generation to generation (Tripolitis). London: Spottiswoode and Company, 1873. // - . 596617 Radt. She was either the daughter of Persephone and Hades or Persephone and Zeus, many sources list Zeus. WebMelino is the Underworld goddess of ghosts and nightmares. Demeter. Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.42.17. Over her hair (which was the color of grain) she wore a polos (headdress), veil, or headband; she was generally dressed in a chiton (tunic), peplos (dress), or himation (robe). In other accounts, it was Persephone who killed Minthe (Strabo, Geography 8.3.14; Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.72830; Photius, Lexicon, s.v. Zeus Sacred Animals Eagles and bulls are Zeus sacred animals. While he was powerful and respected in his own realm, it upset Hades that he couldnt become the leader and King of the gods. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Richardson, Nicholas J. The story goes that Persephone was playing in the fields of Nysa, collecting flowers with her nymph friends, when Hades burst from the ground and snatched her. If Demeter is understood as the consort of Carmanor, then she may also be regarded as the mother of Chrysothemis, who is called a daughter of Carmanor (Pausanias, Description of Greece 10.7.2). According to Timothy Gantz, "Orphic sources preserved seem not to use the name "Zagreus" [1], and according to Martin West, the "name was probably not used in the Orphic narrative". Her name means "dark thought" or "dark-minded" in Greek. Hesiod, Theogony 971, trans. Pausanias, Description of Greece 9.39.45. Melinoe, Goddess of Ghosts : SMITEGODCONCEPTS - Reddit 4, 2013, pp. However, we do have some details, mostly courtesy of Supergiants announcement and FAQ, as well as the trailer. In Greek mythology, most gods and goddesses can shapeshift, and Melinoe was no different. Melinoe was attributed as the goddess of darkness and the dead. In Greek mythology, many gods and goddesses are associated with the dead and the death, but Melinoe was different from the rest. All Rights Reserved. Mythopedia. Demeter occasionally appeared in Greek literature from later periods, such as the satirical works of Lucian (ca. Some of these sources adopted rationalistic or euhemeristic interpretations of Demeter as the early discoverer of agriculture. Oppian, Halieutica 3.48698. The Thesmophoria, a wide-spread Greek festival dedicated to Persephone and Demeter, was likewise steeped in the symbolism of death, decay, and rebirth. Burkert Walter (1985). WebAbout Melinoe and Hekate Trimorphis in the bronze tablet from the town of Pergamon A theonymic analysis of the three goddess with names Dione, Phoibe and Nuhie (, , ) was made and a characteristic of the symbols and attributes of the deities was made as it was used a bronze plate from Pergamon. Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.29.5; Nicias, FGrH 318 frag. In the FAQ, Supergiant says Hecate will be an important figure in the game. Furthermore, Hades has no connection to the land of the living; he rarely leaves the Underworld and does not interact with living mortals. At night she wandered the earth with her train of ghosts, striking fear into the hearts of men. A chthonic goddess, Melino is a sort of unrecognized princess of the underworld. In Hesiods Theogony, the divinity who first emerges from the primeval void is not an omnipotent male deitybut the goddess Earthas the Greeks themselves understood the story, it seemed more natural to imagine a female conceiving and giving birth to something than a male (Lefkowitz, 1). 23; Conon, Narrations 21. Privacy Policy. WebZagreus was an Underworld God of the Orphic mysteries. Kern, Otto. Demeter, distraught at the loss of her daughter, ceases to allow the crops to grow. Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 5.77. The subreddit for Hades and Hades II, the god-like rogue-likes from Supergiant Games. The Psychedelic Cult That Thrived For Nearly 2000 Years. io9, io9.Gizmodo.com, 16. io9.gizmodo.com/5883394/the-eleusinian-mysteries-the-1-fraternity-in-greco-roman-society. The villain of the piece is Chronos, the Titan of Time, and Hades father. She took it up thoughtfully and began to fashion a man. She was the daughter of Persephone and Zeus Graf, Fritz, and Anne Ley. WebIn ancient Greek religion and mythology, Zagreus (Greek: ) was sometimes identified with a god worshipped by the followers of Orphism, the "first Dionysus", a son of Zeus and Noting Hades identity as Zeus katachthonios alter ego, Gantz thought it likely that Zagreus, originally, perhaps the son of Hades and Persephone, later merged with the Orphic Dionysus, the son of Zeus and Persephone.[6]. ERINYES. THEOI Greek Mythology, Theoi Project, www.theoi.com/Khthonios/Erinyes.html. Zeus vs. Hades vs. Poseidon The fruit's yellowish-green color evoked the The terms in which she is described are typical of moon goddesses in Greek poetry. Melinoe was the goddess of Ghosts and the offerings to the dead. (in Bulgarian, English Summary), The zoomorphic face of Demeter. PERSEPHONE 466 Pfeiffer; cf. But in some Roman sources, she divided the year equally between her two homes (Ovid, Fasti 4.614, Metamorphoses 5.564; Hyginus, Fabulae 146). Rome: LErma di Bretschneider, 1986. This article presents one special emission of Odessos autonomous coins the tetradrachms Head of the Great God of Odessos Pluto/Great God of Odessos / Pluto standing with cornucopiae. The Merrow Irish Mermaids or Something More? Littera et Lingua. This was said to be the reason that dogs would bark at what looked like nothing at night (she and her ghost train stalked the earth invisibly). , " - 2013", 2014, 127-133, 227-229. Greek Religion. Hades is not inherently tied to the Underworld from the start of his attending mythos. 370401. Cf. Demeter. In A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Motherhood, and the strength of the mother-child bond, is an important theme throughout Persephones mythology. Also have Zeus help deliver Melinoe and used his powers to defibrillate Melinoe. The earth closes behind them as Hades takes his bride to the Underworld. An early Eleusinian version of the myth, recorded in the second Homeric Hymn, places the abduction on the plain of Nysa (Homeric Hymn 2.17). This version may be a relic from older traditions replaced by the now-accepted abduction myth; perhaps this shift in the narrative is due to a shift in society to a more patriarchal structure, or perhaps it is done to allow for the aetiology of the seasons provided by Zeus ruling in the quarrel between Demeter and Hades. Homer, Odyssey 5.12528; Hesiod, Theogony 96971; Apollodorus, Library 3.12.1; cf. Waiting for Godot: a Tragicomedy in Two Acts. The festival involved making sacrifices of pigs and burying them in pits, and retrieving the composted remains of the pigs sacrificed the previous year to mix with seeds and then plant. Each of them had their own fascinating traits and characteristics and they all featured in many of the most famous and important myths in Greek mythology. - In: - . 34, 35, 58, 145, 153, 214, 220, 233 Kern. , E , 80-80_-----(1).pdf, , . 333 Radt; cf. Demeter. Published online 20002017. Hard, Robin. In the Orphics, Dionysus is generally referred to as Sabazius or Eubuleus (Which was an epithet for Hades) if he's not referred to as Dionysus. The only recorded instance where Zagreus is used as a name for the Orphic Dionysus is in Nonnos' Dionysiacas. WebA Lightning Bolt, a Zeus Symbol by Johannes Plenio As he is known as both the King of Gods (of the Greek pantheon) and the god of the kings, other Zeus symbols include the throne and the royal sceptre while he was also represented by sacred animals and plants mentioned below. WebLeto (Gr: ) was the titaness of motherhood. . Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 3.64.1; Suda, s.v. She was also the goddess of spring growth, who was worshipped alongside her mother Demeter in the Eleusinian Mysteries. WebMelinoe is described as lonely and sad because everyone fears her. She could be distinguished by her familiar attributes of wheat and torches. , , , Hellenistic Terracotta Moulds from Kallatis (Mangalia) in Varna Museum ( in Bulgarian with English & Russian and Romanian summary, K. Rabadjiev. Zagreus An Attempt at their Archaeological Interpretation (in Bulgarian), / Autonomous tetradrachms of Odessos with the Great God of the City Pluto, UTAPOTTHA /VIT VJj^XXrl. Supergiant has not announced a release date for Hades 2 yet. Resurrecting the Maiden: From Hades to the Grid. Share Research, Academia.edu. Herodotus, Histories 2.156.56. Zeus and Poseidon never got along well because both of them were equally hungry for power. As Linforth noticed, 'It is a curious thing that the name Zagreus does not appear in any Orphic poem or fragment, nor is it used by any author who refers to Orpheus. H. G. Evelyn-White. In fact, she is perhaps the chief inspiration for Hades 2 and its theme of witchcraft. She plays a significant role in classical mythology surrounding Hades and the Underworld, and has been an influential and deeply compelling figure in witchcraft, myth, and folklore in a variety of cultures for thousands of years so much so that we felt we needed a whole new game to try and do her justice., Hades 2 is a sequel, set after the events of the first game, both in and beyond the Underworld of Greek myth. At last Zeus, who surreptitiously gave his permission for the marriage, is forced to find a way to appease both Demeter and Hades; the solution reached is that Persephone will spend six months out of the year with her mother, and six with her husband, because she had eaten six pomegranate arils while in the Underworld. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985. MELINOE - Greek Goddess of Ghosts - Theoi The brothers Zeus, Poseidon and Hades all had the same parentage. John Tzetzes on Lycophrons Alexandra 152. The Phigalian statue seen differently (in Bulgarian), The Statue in Thracian World: Speculations About its Absence (in Bulgarian), . After she gave birth to Apollo and Artemis, she also became a protector of the young like they both were. Zeus married his sister Hera, the goddess of family and marriage but he had many other lovers, both mortal and divine. Melino is the daughter of Persephone and was fathered by both Zeus and Hades in their Orphic dual-god role. For the tradition that claimed Demophon was killed when Metanira interrupted the ritual, see Apollodorus, Library 1.5.1. 5, 228) suggests that Zagreus was often identified with other deities. Supergiant Games modern classic roguelike, Hades, is getting a sequel. Festivals of Attica: An Archaeological Commentary. Most Popular Celtic Gods and Goddesses with Their Power, Hathor Egyptian Goddess of Sky and Her Symbols, Satet Egyptian Goddess of War and Archery, Thoth -The Egyptian God of Wisdom and Writing. This Persephone takes Queen of the Underworld as her proper place. https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Demeter.html. Melinoe was a goddess of justice for the dead and the laws of honoring the deceased. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. WebMelino is the Underworld goddess of ghosts and nightmares. Melinoe is the Underworld goddess of ghosts who rules over offerings made to the dead. Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age. 47 Snell-Maehler); the border of the Ocean (Orphic Argonautica 1196); Eleusis (Pausanias, Description of Greece 1.38.5; Orphic frag. Demeter punishes him first with hunger and then by sending a huge serpent to torment him. Hades, Zagreus was an Underworld God of the Orphic mysteries. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1901. The goddess of nightmares. Hades Daughter: Everything You Must Know About Her Story [2] The hymns are of uncertain date but were probably composed in the 2nd or 3rd century AD. ISBN 0674362810. Demeter occasionally appeared in Roman poetry, such as the Georgics of Virgil (7019 BCE). I have her insead wearing half a white and half black tunic. While some myths Tripolitis, Antonia. The villain of the piece is Chronos, the Titan of Time, and Hades father. Her symbol, of course, is a cat's head with earrings. 484420s BCE), Strabo (ca. Kapach, A. 2023. https://mythopedia.com/topics/demeter. This tension is easily resolved by thinking of Persephone as an independent deity whose powers are not a result of the abduction myth but were fully-formed before such a myth was created, before Demeter was her mother and Hades her husband. What is Melanie's symbol? - eNotes.com In this article we present one unpublished type of Odessos Roman provincial coin of Lucius Verus (161169) (Fig. Apollodorus, Library 3.12.1; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1.61.4. Melinoe 4.1, 84492. For further references, see the notes. Melinoe - The First Age Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.25.46. Eurynome (Oceanid Conceived by Persephone and Zeus, in the shape of a serpent, Zagreus was Zeus first-born son and placed on the throne of Heaven by his father. Hades 2 has a new protagonist Melino. Finally, various myths of Demeter/Ceres were outlined by the Roman mythographer Hyginus or Pseudo-Hyginus (first century CE or later) in his Fabulae. By submitting your email, you agree to our, Sign up for the He was later equated with the Orphic Dionysus, who was regarded as the "first-born Dionysus.". . Theoi Project. Claudian, Rape of Proserpina 2.20431. Smith, Anita. Hades 2 is a sequel, set after the events of the first game, both in and beyond the Underworld of Greek myth. Melinoe | Greek Mythology Wiki | Fandom Gods and Goddesses of the Underworld -- Melinoe, Bringer of nightmares and madness. For Hesperus role in the myth of Demeter, see Callimachus, Hymn 6.610. They deposited them in a sacred cave on the isle and instituted the Samothrakian Mysteries in his honour. Her name may not have been Persephone, but when the Greeks gave her that name, closely related to the Greek word for destroy, it was not the spring goddess they were thinking of but the perpetual cyclic balance between life and entropy. 4, 1989, pp. A fragment from Euripides lost play Cretan Men (Kretes) has the chorus describe themselves as initiates of Idaean Zeus and celebrants of night-ranging Zagreus, performing his feasts of raw flesh. This might have been for the best because both of them were known for their bad tempers, trickery and greed, characteristics theyd inherited from their father, Cronus. Among the invoked deities in the text of the incantation of special interest is the mentioning of the names of the Samothracian gods, otherwise known only from a fragment by the 3rd century BC mythographer and geographer Mnaseas. Leipzig: Teubner, 189094. Accessed on 28 Apr. Leiden: Brill, 1987. Although they were brothers, they were very different gods in terms of characteristics and traits. Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.2627. Persephone counts three children as her own: Melinoe, Zagreus, and the Erinyes. In most Greek sources, including the second Homeric Hymn, Persephone spent only one-third of the year with Hades and two-thirds with her mother. Something went wrong. Apollodorus, Library 3.6.8; Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.25.5, 8.25.7; cf. Thus, Lucretius (early/mid first century BCE) interprets Ceres in his philosophical poem On the Nature of Things as a human being who developed agriculture and who was subsequently worshipped as a goddess.. Demeter. Mythopedia, April 24, 2023. https://mythopedia.com/topics/demeter. '[3], In his reconstruction of the story, however, Lobeck made extensive use of the fifth-century CE epic of Nonnos, who does use the name Zagreus, and later scholars followed his cue. Rather than place life and death at odds with each other, this view of Persephone places them as part of a continual cycle of death and regeneration, with Persephone herself as the conduit through which they flow. Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 3.62. This type (four-assarion coin) depicts the same statue of the Great God of Odessos Pluto/Darzalas as the aforementioned tetradrachms, but with a burning altar. But this same source also lists Acheron as the son of Helios and Gaia. The earliest is in a single quoted line from the (6th century BC?) The Significance of the Pomegranate in Ancient Greece. Its All Greek, Wordpress, 21 Mar. "We may justifiably ask," observes Kerenyi, "Why was this great mythical hunter, who in Greece became a mysterious god of the underworld, a capturer of wild animals and not a killer?" 1. In the games lore, she Hades daughter and the sister of Zagreus, star of the first game. In some traditions, though, the child nursed by Demeter was Triptolemus, not Demophon (Ovid, Fasti 4.50260, Tristia 3.8.2; cf. Parents: Hades and Persephone, or Zeus and PersephoneSiblings: Makaria, Melinoe, Ploutos The Thesmophoria, like the Eleusinian Mysteries, enforces the idea that the ancient Greek understanding of death was built primarily upon the natural life cycle of plants following the seasons, and that Persephone was at the epicenter. It is then that Zeus divides up the rest of the world between his two eldest brothers: Poseidon becomes lord of the Sea, Hades king of the Underworld. The female name Melinoe (alternatively Melino; mel-IN-o-ee) is not derived from Roman heritage; she was a Greek Goddess, daughter of Hades and Persephone. The way her story is traditionally told, Persephone is a figure of contradiction, tension arising between her status as a fertility deity and a ruler of the dead. 63 BCEca. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. (AMNG I/II 2215; Figs. Persephone: Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia. Zurich: Artemis, 1988. 177.812 Merkelbach-West and Hellanicus, Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (FGrH) 4 frag. B. Eerdmans Publishing, Veronese, Keith. If Persephone cannot stay in the Underworld with her husband year-round (ie, she cannot be solely a death-force), there must be some special cause for it; placing Demeter as Persephones distraught mother provides the special circumstance that necessitates the goddess return to the living world and the retention of her powers as a life-force. Callimachus, Hymn 6.24117. The precise location of Hades abduction of Persephone was a matter of controversy in antiquity. For example, there are valuable references to her cult and worship in the works of Herodotus (ca. Some of the earliest Roman references to Ceres/Demeter were euhemeristic, locating the goddesss origins in real historical events. 3 PEG; Aeschylus frr. Zagreus has other siblings you know? : r/HadesTheGame Elina Mircheva, Nicolay Sharankov, daniela stoyanova. Supergiant has been pretty tight-lipped on gameplay details so far, though it sounds like it will be aiming to surprise players within the familiar framework of the original. p. Vol. 1, 3, 4, 810): Obverse: Bearded head of the Great God of Odessos Pluto, bound with metal hoop wrapped with cloth tape. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. He was later equated with the Orphic Dionysus, who was regarded as the Melino: is achthonicnymphor goddess. However, the most important Roman source for her mythology is probably Ovid (43 BCE17/18 CE), who offers extended retellings of the abduction of Persephone (Proserpina) in Book 5 of his Metamorphoses and Book 4 of his Fasti (interestingly, there are several important differences between the two accounts). Unpublished MA-thesis, Sofia University, 2008 [in Bulgarian]. WebMelinoe is a chthonic goddess propitiated as a bringer of nightmares and madness. Chronos has escaped imprisonment in the Underworld to wage war on Olympus; Melino will take on his forces, assisted by the full might of Olympus., Supergiant promises a bigger, deeper mythic world than the first game, with a sweeping story that continually unfolds through your every setback and accomplishment.. Demeter, Persephone, and the Eleusinian Mysteries, http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e314080, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2086, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DD%3Aentry+group%3D5%3Aentry%3Ddemeter-bio-1, https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Demeter.html. Its not just modern pagans who place Persephone at the center of their relationship with life and death. Faber & Faber, 2015. The earliest major source for the mythology of Demeter is Homeric Hymn 2the Hymn to Demeterone of the longest and most important of the Homeric Hymns (mostly seventhfifth century BCE). WebMelinoe is a Greek Goddess known for bringing nightmares and madness to those she haunts. Hades wasnt very happy when they drew lots and it fell to him to rule the Underworld since that wasnt his first choice. God Zeus Symbols, Sacred Animals And Plants This article presents an analysis of the triple essence of Hekate Trimorphis and details the syncretization of the cult of three goddesses of Greek mythology. The cult was open to all, and featured a series of celebrations consisting of Lesser Mysteries and Greater Mysteries, with the Greater celebrated every five years or so (Veronese). See answer (1) Copy. WebShe decides to call herself Bastet, after an Egyptian cat goddess. The Orphic Mysteries 115ca. The Original Persephone, tehomet.net/persephone.html. Melinoe can be birthed on Mount Olympus out of fear that she would die like Zagreus did. Demeter also appears in the epics of Hesiod (eighth/seventh century BCE), especially the Theogony, where the origins and genealogy of all the gods are outlined. In another story, Demeter visited an elderly couple whose names were Dysaules and Baubo; when the goddess, still depressed over the loss of her daughter, refused to accept refreshments, Baubo was able to cheer her up by exposing herself (Asclepiades, FGrH 12 frag. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961. 23, where Iasion is known as Eetion. Zeus, Hades and Poseidon were three of the most powerful and important gods in Greek mythology, often referred to as the Big Three. In a later Sicilian version, the abduction took place instead at Enna in Sicily (Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 5.25; Cicero, Verrine Orations 2.4.1067; see also Ovid, Fasti 4.422, Metamorphoses 5.385; Hyginus, Fabulae 146, 274). Thus the tripartite Great Goddess is also tri-generational, a goddess giving birth to aspects of herself. Dione (mythology Half her body is black, and the XXVIII, 2016, 123-130, Ancho Kaloyanov - Starobaalgarsko ezichestvo.pdf, , . Melinoe was depicted as a young woman with a pale, dark complexion and dark, tangled hair. [2]. , 2 - , The Tumulus of Golyamata Mogila near the villages of Malomirovo and Zlatinitsa - Chapter II-III, , Unmasking the Sacred: an alternative approach to the archaeology of religion (Bulgarian), Emiliyanova B Phytomorphic Code Of Mythical Time (In Bulgarian), , / Extraurban sanctuaries in the Roman province of Thrace, - (THE IMAGE OF KUMARA-SKANDA IN THE SANSKRIT LITERATURE TRADITION), . , , , The Horse, the Chariot, and the Horseman.

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