. I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. The collective greed of mankind has resulted in a planet where our resources are being used up at an alarming rate. And he sobbed. Scrooges definition of business in the beginning is money and greed. PDF downloads of all 1725 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Exam Overview If this is so, why is Scrooge not living lavishly and happy, given his abundant wealth. Scrooge didnt believe in the Christmas Spirit, all he thought was that Christmas was just of load of humbug! Have I not?. "I will honour Christmas . In the novel, A Christmas Carol, it is unmistakably proven that Ebenezer Scrooge is a dynamic character. When it came, Scrooge bent down upon his knee; for in the very air through which this Spirit moved it seemed to scatter gloom and mystery. What Marx had to say about the nature of capitalist society and about the struggle between classes can be applied to the idea of economic relations offered by Dickens in his book. Ebenezer Scrooge, 10. When his nephew Fred can over to ask him to come to Christmas dinner, Scrooge said Ill dine alone. This implies that scrooge doesnt like to spend time with his nephew. A Christmas Carol Greed Quotes Flashcards | Quizlet ", "I can't afford to make idle people merry. Himself always." To be compassionate means to be aware of others suffering and misfortune; to be empathetic, to pity somebody or something. Argentina es uno de los principales exportadores de ________. Scrooge didnt believe in the Christmas Spirit, all he thought was that Christmas was just of load of humbug! A dynamic character is a character who undergoes a drastic inner change. The Ghost of Christmas Present, 17. ", "What reason have you to be morose? Ebenezer Scrooge's Nephew, 20. Scrooge was all about the money- never wanted to share. A Christmas Carol is a powerful novella that uses symbolism like the children Ignorance and Want, Scrooges transformation, and Scrooges nephew Fred, to reinforce significant themes like social isolation, rebirth, and family. 50 of the best book quotes from A Christmas Carol, Every traveler has a home of his own, and he learns to appreciate it the more from his wandering., Reflect upon your present blessingsof which every man has manynot on your past misfortunes, of which all men have some., I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. He does not understand our true business in life.Scrooge thinks our true business is to make money. Mankind was my business. No one was known to dislike kids more than Ebenezer Scrooge. Also, when Bob Cratchit comes into work the day after Christmas, instead of firing Bob, Scrooge gives him a raise. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Stave One, Dickens uses a lot of different quotes and conversations to tell the readers how Scrooge really is, most of these quotes are found in the first few pages and describe how much of a horrible, cold hearted person Scrooge is. ", "At this festive season it is desirable that we should make some slight provision for the poor and destitute, who suffer greatly at this present time. No wind that blew was bitterer than he, no falling snow was more intent upon its purpose, no pelting rain less open to entreaty. When your thoughts are positive they rub off on people. "'You fear the world too much. I dont make merry myself at Christmas and I cant afford to make idle people merry., A poor excuse for picking a mans pocket every twenty-fifth of December! said Scrooge, buttoning his great-coat to the chin. He quickly became obsessed with saving every dollar, and growing his wealth. At the beginning of the story, Scrooges selfish personality is revealed, and the Ghost of Christmas Past comes and shows him the memories and truth of his life long ago. In A Christmas Carol, we see many characters carrying out this definition. Although Scrooge is a fictional character, nobody should ever be as greedy and selfish as him. All your other hopes have merged into the hope of being beyond the chance of its sordid reproach. A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, shows how a greedy man turns from his life of cold-heartedness. LitCharts Teacher Editions. "God bless us every one!". In the story a miserable old man, Ebenezer Scrooge, is shown the error of his ways and what will come of it if he doesnt make drastic changes. Refine any search. Following this very same concept, Scrooge changes his attitude, actions, and speech throughout the sophisticated Victorian-Era story when meeting the Christmas ghosts, who are spirits meant to guide souls on the right path of living. In A Christmas Carol, Dickens presents Ignorance and Want in a metaphorical fashion, depicting them as children. Scrooge is presented as a cold misanthropist, is unkind and treats people with severity. But in contrast to the people, Scrooge has a frown and looks unhappy for the Christmas time. We can undergo and live this tall tale of Scrooge, and we can take away that this frail old man will long live in our hearts to make us remember to be generous and live life to the fullest. It can be seen that his new found way of life is derived from the desire to be a good man of the community and to assist others such as Tiny Tim. Foul weather didnt know where to have him. For a start, there is the use of ghosts throughout. Stave 1-Greed The theme presented to the reader the most in stave 1 of A Christmas Carol is greed. Teachers and parents! You are changed. he exclaimed, 'I fear you more than any spectre I have seen. English Language 1B - Fiction Writing (Creative Writing), Language 2B - Non Fiction Writing Transactional, Anthology page 2 - Assessment Objectives and single poem essay, Blood Brothers page 2 - Youtube clip & Revision resources, Lord of the Flies page 2 - Youtube clips and Revision resources, An Inspector Calls page 2 youtube and revision resources, Examples Page - Language and Literature Essays. Even though he has more than enough money, Scrooge. One of the messages of A Christmas Carol is that. Scrooge exclaims, " Come back with the butcher and I 'll give you a shilling. Gothic Conventions. A Christmas Carol Quotes: Generosity | SparkNotes 4. 'A Christmas Carol': Poverty/Wealth (Greed) - Quotes 4.6 (7 reviews) Scrooge - Stave One, Page 5 Click the card to flip "Merry Christmas! Jacob Marley He is so grateful to see everything, and to know that he has time ahead of him to make things right. But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! In the introduction. Small and large acts of kindness can change a person's day or even life. Although Scrooge is a fictional character, nobody should ever be as greedy and selfish as him. He won't show warmth to anyone. I don't mean to say that, of my own knowledge, what there is particularly dead about a doornail. Three main themes include:. It was a strange figure-like a child: yet not so like a child as like an old man, viewed through some supernatural medium, which gave him the appearance of having receded from the view, and being diminished to a child's proportions. (including. Theres more of gravy than of grave about you, whatever you are!" Do you ever wonder what our business is as humans? Meanwhile the Lord Mayor gives orders to his servants to enjoy Christmas. At the same time, Dickens uses the seasonal period around Christmas to highlight the sort of unfair and crushing poverty that the Cratchits face. "He carried his own low temperature always about with him; he iced his office in the dog-days, and didnt thaw it one degree at Christmas. He even lives in relative discomfort as a way to save money -, Scrooge is too greedy to help those less fortunate than he -, The Ghost of Christmas Past shows the route of Scrooge's greed his fear of poverty. As we study history, the richest people are the most powerful. h. surtido de artculos. This is because wealth and greed are not the same. His view goes hand in hand with the teachings of the Bible. Id give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and I hope hed have a good appetite for it., There is nothing in the world so irresistibly contagious as laughter and good-humour., If they would rather die, said Scrooge, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population., Oh! The 50 Best A Christmas Carol Quotes - bookroo.com But just as the end of winter gets closer, Scrooges stinginess and cold heart sees a revival of goodwill that has been apart for so many years. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Notes on A Christmas Carol Themes - www.BookRags.com Ghost stories were very popular during the Victorian era. He did it all, and infinitely more; and to Tiny Tim, who did not die, he was a second father. ", 5. ", "a few of us are endeavouring to raise a fund to buy the poor some meat and drink, and means of warmth. Scrooge is too greedy to help those who are more unfortunate than he is. Will you decide what men shall live, what men shall die?" Somehow he gets thoughtful, sitting by himself so much, and thinks the strangest things you ever heard. He dont do any good with it. "For again Scrooge saw himself. 'Why, its Ali Baba!' 'A merry Christmas, uncle! Toward the end of the novel he starts to change his mind about business and starts to be a more jolly and a better man. You will therefore permit me to repeat, emphatically, that Marley was as dead as a door-nail., There are some upon this earth of yours, returned the Spirit, who lay claim to know us, and who do their deeds of passion, pride, ill-will, hatred, envy, bigotry, and selfishness in our name, who are as strange to us and all our kith and kin, as if they had never lived. A happy New Year to all the world! Dickens' fantastic descriptions drew an image of a sharp, misanthropic, covetous old miser. Greed can cause cause someone to be selfish and hurt those around them as a result. In this way, Dickens reminds us that no matter much you have, no matter how rich you are, you are just a "passenger on a journey to the grave.". Norman Vincent Peale was an American minister who once stated, Change your thoughts and you change your world. Your thoughts are like your heart. "Business!" cried the Ghost, wringing its hands again. I wish I had him here. Most worked just so they could have food and shelter. Like an oyster, he keeps himself to himself, hidden beneath a hard shell that he uses to protect himself from the world. Charity And Compassion Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The love of money can make mankind greedy and hateful, but wealth can also be used for thoughtful and generous purposes. a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner! Scrooge, at the end of the play gives a huge amount of money to the Poultry man. Belle, 16. One quote that shows that Scrooge was greedy is, What. His greed has caused many people to dislike him, even his employees find him cruel and cheap. "I wear the chain I forged in life. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. I dont know anything. All your other hopes have merged into the hope of being beyond the chance of its sordid reproach. "I will honor Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. Because of Scrooges greed, his employee suffers greatly, poor Bob Cratchit has to warm his hands by the candle because Scrooge keeps the coal-box in his room and surely would not let the clerk take even the smallest piece. We learn that Scrooge's greed has led him to the life he lives; miserly, lonely, ignored and pitied. It is depicted most notably by Ebenezer Scrooge. The Spirits of all Three shall strive within me." Moreover, Dickens argues that generosity is a quality that is severely lacking throughout humanity, before concluding by reassuring his audience that change is achievable. I made it link by link, and yard by yard; I girded it on of my own free will, and of my own free will I wore it." . How could it be otherwise? That Christmas the Cratchit family had a small turkey because of Scrooge's greed. '", 14. Ebenezer Scrooge, 24. Tiny Tim displays hope, despite his sickness -, This attitude leads Scrooge to change as he feels, Tiny Tim is saved by Scrooge's financial and emotional support (as Scrooge becomes his. Ever since his lifelong business partner, Jacob Marley, kicked the bucket, Scrooge became more stingy than he ever was. Earn weekly rewards. Scrooge repeated, as he scrambled out of bed. God bless us!, As good as gold, said Bob, and better. How is selfishness presented in A Christmas Carol? I have seen your nobler aspirations fall off, one by one, until the master passion, Gain, engrosses you. Long life to him! Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. There is nothing in the world so irresistibly contagious as laughter and good humor., Weve Checked Our List Twice! In the play, The Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, Ebenezer Scrooge was very rude throughout of the story. In A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens uses Ebenezer Scrooge to convey his critiques of Victorian society. ", "A poor excuse for picking a man's pocket every twenty-fifth of December! Will you do me the favour? (Dickens 78) This quote symbolizes how over night Scrooge realizes how the poor should have been. Following this very same concept, Scrooge changes his attitude, actions, and speech throughout the sophisticated Victorian-Era story when meeting the Christmas ghosts, who are spirits meant to guide souls on the right path of living. Scrooge emphasizes, "What a fine day fellow An Intelligent boy, a remarkable boy." He carried his own low temperature always about with him; he iced his office in the dog-days; and didnt thaw it one degree at Christmas., A Merry Christmas to us all, my dears. They both provided the same message, show love to others, and dont forget the Christmas spirit. The rich rule. The cold, bleak winter weather exacerbates the terrible privations poor families of the era had to face, and in presenting the poor in such extremes A Christmas Carol profoundly criticizes the laws, policies, and economic system that promote such poverty. Examples Of Greed In A Christmas Carol | ipl.org "I wear the chain I forged in life. Scrooge was once in love with a lady named Belle. ", 34. Dickens inspiration for the short story seems to come from his childhood experiences and his sympathy for the poor. "Really, for a man who had been out of practice for so many years it was a splendid laugh! Scrooge is rich, but he neglected the people around him including his family and employees. Reread the memoir "Funny in Farsi" by Froozeh Dumas to answer these text-dependent questions. Christmas Yet To Come He should!" Greed, Generosity and Forgiveness Quotes in A Christmas Carol Below you will find the important quotes in A Christmas Carol related to the theme of Greed, Generosity and Forgiveness. However, his offences carry their own punishment, and I have nothing to say against him., Mr. "It is required of every man that the spirit within him should walk abroad among his fellow-men, and travel far and wide; and, if that spirit goes not forth in life, it is condemned to do so after death." Dickens uses the character Scrooge to express his judgements of Victorian society, greed, and the treatment of the poor. Family I have seen your nobler aspirations fall off one by one, until the master-passion, Gain, engrosses you. And they cling to me, appealing from their fathers. . Allegory Although skeptical in the beginning, Scrooge begins to understand why he must change his ways, and he discovers what he can do to become a better person. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. 11. But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! Belle quotes - A christmas Carol 'It was made when we were both poor and content to be so' 'You are changed' 'You were another man' Not the man she once loved Scrooge has changed, not the same as Belle anymore 'Another idol has displaced me' 'A golden one' Money has replaced her, she isn't a priority . He dont make himself comfortable with it. Scrooge exclaimed in ecstasy. "Somehow he gets thoughtful, sitting by himself so much, and thinks the strangest things you ever heard. ", "There was an eager, greedy, restless motion in the eye, which showed the passion that had taken root, and where the shadow of the growing tree would fall. AQA English Revision - Greed A Christmas Carol Greed Quotes inadequate citizens. "It's enough for a man to understand his own business, and not to interfere with other people's. Cratchit had 5 children and one of his children had a crippled foot, and walked with a crutch. Fred is the antithesis of Scrooge which highlights his negativity and the irony of his greed. Ebenezer Scrooge's Nephew, Related:35 Elf Quotes That Are Sure to Spread Christmas Cheer, 29. Romeo and Juliet: Character Lord Capulet, Romeo and Juliet: Character Lady Capulet, Romeo and Juliet: Character Friar Lawrence, Romeo and Juliet: Character Minor Characters, Romeo and Juliet: Themes Honour and Family, A Christmas Carol: Character Bob Cratchit, A Christmas Carol: Character Jacob Marley, A Christmas Carol: Character The Spirits, A Christmas Carol: Themes Poverty and Injustice, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Context, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 1, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 2, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 3, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 4, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 5, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 6, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 7, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 8, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 9, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Plot Chapter 10, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Character Dr Jekyll, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Character Mr Hyde, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Character Richard Enfield and Dr Lanyon, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Character Gabriel John Utterson, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Themes Good Versus Evil, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Themes Silence and Secrecy, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Themes Science Versus the Supernatural, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Themes Reputation and Respectability, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Themes The Duality of Human Nature, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (AQA), An Inspector Calls: Character Inspector Goole, An Inspector Calls: Character Eva Smith, An Inspector Calls: Character Mr Birling, An Inspector Calls: Character Mrs Birling, An Inspector Calls: Themes Responsibility, An Inspector Calls: Themes The Class Divide, An Inspector Calls: Themes The Generation Divide, Animal Farm: Character Clover, Mollie and Moses, Animal Farm: Themes Power and Corruption, Animal Farm: Themes Language and Propaganda, Animal Farm: Themes Hope and Hopelessness, Blood Brothers: Character Linda and Sammy, Blood Brothers: Character Mrs Johnstone, Blood Brothers: Character Mickey Johnstone, Blood Brothers: Themes Fate and Superstition, Blood Brothers: Themes Nature Versus Nurture, Love and Relationships Poetry: When We Two Parted, Love and Relationships Poetry: Neutral Tones, Love and Relationships Poetry: Winter Swans, Love and Relationships Poetry: Singh Song, Love and Relationships Poetry: Porphyrias Lover, Love and Relationships Poetry: The Farmers Bride, Love and Relationships Poetry: Loves Philosophy, Love and Relationships Poetry: Walking Away, Love and Relationships Poetry: Before You Were Mine, Love and Relationships Poetry: Letters from Yorkshire, Love and Relationships Poetry: Mother, Any Distance, Love and Relationships Poetry: Climbing my grandfather, Power and Conflict Poetry: My Last Duchess, Power and Conflict Poetry: The Charge of the Light Brigade, Power and Conflict Poetry: Storm on the Island, Power and Conflict Poetry: Bayonet Charge, Power and Conflict Poetry: War Photographer, Power and Conflict Poetry: Checking Out Me History, Introduction to Unseen Poetry Practise (AQA). Theres more of gravy than of grave about you, whatever you are!, This is the even-handed dealing of the world! he said. Scrooge was a coldhearted and frosty man who has been given a second chance in life to alter his view towards Christmas, and most importantly, the happiness in the world by becoming charitable, and positive while maintaining self respect and value. Dickens uses the idea of singing to connect the story to the joyful Christian traditions of the season, such as caroling, while at the same filling it with more serious, politically-minded themes. Scrooge and he were partners for I dont know how many years. Scrooge also shows it in his own words by saying every idiot who goes about with Merry Christmas on his lips, should be boiled with his own pudding, and buried with a stake of holly through his heart.(647). Dickens warns the reader of the consequences that will follow if these lessons are not taken into consideration. The root word mas, coming from the word mass means to do in large groups (Dictionary.com). During the Industrial Revolution in London, the poor were treated as inadequate citizens. He became as good a friend, as good a master, as good a man as the good old city knew, or any other good old city, town, or borough in the good old world. Jacob Marley, 3. A merry Christmas and a happy new year! ", 25. "It's not my busines.". For Scrooge, Christmas is just a poor excuse for picking a mans pocket (Dickens,6). He never gave any money to the needy and he always hated Christmas when I live in such a world of fools as, In the beginning of the story, Scrooge was a lonely greedy man. Ebenezer gets visited by three ghosts, and readers can see him change. "I dont know what day of the month it is. . A Christmas Carol Quotes 1. The idea of Scrooges transformation not being selfish can also be seen in his aspiration to contribute to the wider community that suffers from a poverty stricken way of life. (Dickens, 9) At the beginning, Ebenezer is portrayed as a stingy and selfish man who expresses dislike for the Christmas Spirit. . The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Themes - Silence and Secrecy. Dickens definitely wanted to portray this within A Christmas Carol to influence his readers to be more aware of those who were suffering, and to be more charitable. Dickens, throughout the novella, wanted to convey compassionsomething that many people within the higher-class didnt fully understand, due to their ignorance of the impoverished classes beneath them. You're poor enough." Click the card to flip 1 / 27 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by The_Phantom_of_music Terms in this set (27) Scrooge - Stave One, Page 5 and know me better, man! Furthermore, the thieves who steal his belongings are uncaring and more interested in profit. Who suffers by his ill whims? 'A Christmas Carol' by Charles Dickens allow readers to be positioned to identify what he values in society and his beliefs of the consequences in life and in Christianity as shown through Scrooge's transformation. Scrooge makes a promise of changing and being a better person before its too late. Revise and learn about the themes of Charles Dickens's novella, A Christmas Carol with BBC Bitesize GCSE English Literature (AQA). He was older now; a man in the prime of his life. This site uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic. This simple fact always rings true. In the beginning of the story, Scrooge was a lonely greedy man. Then, we will see Daisy Buchanans moral corruption due to her wealthy upbringing. The happiness he gives is quite as great as if it costs a fortune. A dynamic character is a character who undergoes a drastic inner change. He even lives in relative discomfort as a way to save money - "Darkness is cheap, and Scrooge liked it." This suggests that Scrooge is disliked while is alive but also while he is dead. Greedy people are often looked at like selfish and ignorant human beings. he was so fluttered and so glowing with his good intentions stave 5 when he becomes a changed man shows that scrooge has now seen what a little bit of generosity can do and is willing to help others glowing symbolises xmas spirt shows dickens message that we should help he people who are less fortunate than our selves. Another piece of evidence is when he only gives his clerk one piece of coal, and no more. Famous Christmas Carol Quotes "Marley was dead: to begin with." "If they would rather die they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population." "There is nothing in the world so irresistibly contagious as laughter and good humor." "Christmas is a poor excuse every 25th of December to pick a man's pockets." Scrooges greed has led him to being alone. The collective greed of mankind has resulted in a planet where our resources are being used up at an alarming rate. He told me, coming home, that he hoped the people saw him in the church, because he was a cripple, and it might be pleasant to them to remember upon Christmas Day, who made lame beggars walk, and blind men see." A Christmas Carol Quotes by Charles Dickens - Goodreads He even called Christmas a humbug. Explore books by genre, topic, reading level, or series to find your next read. You're poor enough. Jacob Marley, Related:Love Actually Is All Around! When two kind men come and ask Scrooge for a small donation to help benefit the poor Scrooge asks if any of the prisons or poorhouses are still in operation, and the men tell him: Many cant go there; and many would rather die. To which Scrooge replies with: If they rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. Scrooge was already being greedy by not giving money to the men, but he was also being extremely rude by saying people should hurry up and die. In A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens shows that ones business in life is to make others lives better through the transformation of Scrooges emotions. Instead of rudely gesturing to people, he is now starting to act nicer, and more mature. Christmas, as we know, is the celebration of Jesus birth. Quotes (A Christmas Carol) - GCSE English Literature Revision but he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! Ebenezer is a rich businessman who despises the poor. This makes understand how he acts through the acts of other people. And even Scrooge was not so dreadfully cut up by the sad event, but that he was an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral, and solemnised it with an undoubted bargain., They are Mans . The Ghost of Christmas Past, 23. An important theme in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is the corruption of morals because of wealth. Ebenezer Scrooge, 12. Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. In the place of Ebenezer Scrooges outlook on life, he feels no joy. In the first stave, Scrooge, although he is wealthy, is such a miser that he won 't even allow his clerk to have enough coal to keep him warm. God save you!' And therefore, uncle, though it has never put a scrap of gold or silver in my pocket, I believe that ithasdone me good, andwill do me good; and I say, God bless it!" Dickens uses the character Scrooge to express his judgements of Victorian society, greed, and the treatment of the poor. Scrooge had parter, Bob Cratchit, he paid him only 15 shillings a week. Scrooge said he knew it. Symbols A Christmas Carol is about a man named Ebenezer Scrooge.Who had a lot of greed. How is the theme of greed presented in A Christmas Carol, and what is Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. The Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come shows Scrooge his dead body: plundered and bereft; unwatched, unwept, uncared for. Yes, yes, I know. I help to support the establishments I have mentionedthey cost enough: and those who are badly off must go there." I dont make merry myself at Christmas, and I cant afford to make idle people merry. A Christmas Carol: Themes - Greed - Revision Buddies The final piece of proof I have is that he could not part with a single coin to help the poor, and needy.

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