Joan Beaufort (1379-1440)-married first Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem and second Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmoreland. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey. is descended from. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. By this time, too, some of his possessions were taken from him by the Crown. From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years War (13371453) against France. Constance of Castile Facts: Known for: her claim to the crown of Castile led to an attempt by her husband, England's John of Gaunt, to control that land. Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of King Robert II of Scotland until the crisis was over.[22]. John was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England. The children bore the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. In 1371, John married Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, thus giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile, which he would pursue. The campaign of AprilJune 1387 was an ignominious failure. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Chaucer retorts that "My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends. Coat of Arms of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, Descendants of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. The House of Beaufort continues to exist in a further illegitimate line, surnamed "Somerset", the senior representative of which is Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort, who is thus a direct male-line descendant, albeit via a legitimated and an illegitimate line, of King Henry II, the first Plantagenet King of England. [30] Most conspicuous in this short poem is the number of references to Chaucer's "beste frend". Sick, demoralised and mutinous, the army was in no shape to defend Aquitaine, and soldiers began to desert. A fifth reference is made by "Chaucer as narrator" who rails at Fortune that she shall not take his friend from him. Allrightsreserved. John and Warwick then decided to strike Harfleur, the base of the French fleet on the Seine. Beset on all sides by French ambushes and plagued by disease and starvation, John of Gaunt and his raiders battled their way through Champagne, east of Paris, into Burgundy, across the Massif Central, and finally down into Dordogne. He planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at Brest and take control of Brittany. These included: This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Thomas Swyneford, C marks; to Monsr Walter Blount, Monsr Chamberlain, C marks; to Monsr Hugh Shirley Cmarks; to Monsr Richard Aberbury, the sons, L marks; to Monsr William Par L marks; I will that a chauntry be founded at the New Church of our Lady of Leicester, for the soul of my late wife Dame Constance, who is there buried, and for ever to keep an obit for her soul on the 24th day of March; and as for the annuity or annual pension of forty-thousand franks, which my dear son the King of Castile and Leon is bound to me, a certain part of which is unpaid, I devise to the King one third part of what may, by his assistance, be recovered of the arrears now due. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro. FamousKin.com About Me After the death in 1376 of his older brother Edward of Woodstock (also known as the "Black Prince"), John of Gaunt contrived to protect the religious reformer John Wycliffe, possibly to counteract the growing secular power of the church. All of them were born out of wedlock, but were legitimised upon their parents' eventual marriage. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. Through his daughter Philippa, he was grandfather of King Edward of Portugal and an ancestor of all subsequent Portuguese monarchs as well. As a younger brother of Edward, Prince of Wales (Edward, the Black Prince), John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of Edward's son, who became King Richard II, and the ensuing periods of political strife. They had seven children; only three survived to adulthood. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. "Elizabeth Plantagenet, a Lost Medieval Princess" - Anne O'Brien Books John of Gaunt, First Duke of Lancaster: Biography & Family Tree He was most famous for signing the Magna Carta in 1215, and for losing the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, thus receiving his nickname Lackland. Also known as: John of Gaunt, duc dAquitaine, John of Gaunt, earl of Richmond. Royal Descendants of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt - HubPages House of Beaufort - Wikipedia John's daughter, Blanche, married Sir Thomas Morieux in 1381. 12 NOVEMBER 1910, Page 16 . Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was an English royal prince, military leader, and statesman. In 1386 John left England to seek the throne of Castile, claimed in jure uxoris by right of his second wife, Constance of Castile, whom he had married in 1371. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. Encyclopdia Britannica. What's New! Known for: a legitimized daughter of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt, one of Edward III 's sons, Joan Beaufort was an ancestor of Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VIII, Elizabeth of York, and Catherine Parr. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. Through his daughter Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, he was an ancestor of the Yorkist kings Edward IV, Edward V and Richard III. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. However, mistrust remained, and some[who?] John left Portugal for Aquitaine, and he remained in that province until he returned to England in November 1389. Half brother to King Henry VI, legitimated by Parliament in 1453. Their daughter Philippa became Queen of Portugal by marrying King John I of Portugal in 1387. Alison Weir dispels the myth of a scheming enchantress and reveals her to be a most influential figure of the 14th century . Blanche was the daughter of John's mistress, Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut (1340-after 1399), who was a lady-in-waiting to his mother, Queen Philippa. The ostrich feather arms appeared in stained glass above Gaunt's chantry chapel in St Paul's Cathedral.[44]. His time at the head of government was marked by the so-called Good Parliament of 1376 and the Bad Parliament of 1377. He did not even protest, it seems, when his younger brother Thomas was murdered at Richard's behest. The Castilians refused to offer battle and the Galician-Anglo-Portuguese troops, apart from time-wasting sieges of fortified towns, were reduced to foraging for food in the arid Spanish landscape. John Of Gaunt Descendants Family Tree You Will Like These Detail When Edward the Black Prince, Gaunt's elder brother and heir-apparent to the ageing Edward III, became incapacitated due to poor health, Gaunt assumed control of many government functions, and rose to become one of the most powerful political figures in England. Only John, on his return to England in 1389, succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. Married to: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; 14391444. All subsequent kings of Portugal were thus descended from John of Gaunt. The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was ended out of political necessity.[17]. It was only in 1386, after Portugal under its new King John I had entered into a full alliance with England, that he was actually able to land with an army in Spain and mount a campaign for the throne of Castile (that ultimately failed). However a decree of King Henry IV in 1406 barred his legitimated half-siblings and their issue from any claim to the throne and the illegitimacy of the Somerset branch doubly bars them. Two of John's daughters married into continental royal houses (those of Portugal and Castile). He died in 1387 after six years of marriage. [7], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points ermine (Richmond)[9], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points two of ermine (Richmond) and three Azure flory Or (Lancaster)[9], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure compone Argent and Azure[10], Married to: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset; 13991410, Married to: Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; 14111421. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. Prior to her widowhood, Katherine had borne at least two, possibly three, children to Lancastrian knight Sir Hugh Swynford. Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/541; year 1396. Henry then deposed Richard and in September 1399 ascended the throne as King Henry IV. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess, also known as the Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse,[26] was written in commemoration of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife. Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Barrister at Law, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Fortune, in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, "And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve" (32, 40, 48). Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastmara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastmara's son, Henry. Blanche (1359-1388/89), illegitimate, married Sir Thomas Morieux (1355-1387) in 1381, without issue. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII. 7 (2nd ed.). He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came through his second wife, Constance of Castile, and for a time styled himself as King of Castile. The present Somerset family, Dukes of Beaufort, of Badminton House in Gloucestershire, are illegitimate direct male descendants of John of Gaunt, being illegitimate descendants of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, first cousin of Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France and maintained a household comparable in scale and organisation to that of a monarch. Daughter of: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp. The affair apparently took place before John's first marriage to Blanche of Lancaster. The Beauforts were a powerful and wealthy family from the start, and rose to greater power after their half-brother became King Henry IV in 1399, having deposed his 1st cousin King Richard II. Close. Issue of Edward III of England - Wikipedia A modern monument in the crypt lists John of Gaunt's grave as among the important ones lost. John Of Gaunt : Family tree by comrade28 - Geneanet With them, he participated in the Siege of Limoges (September 1370). Includes citations for all sources. Fortune states three times in her response to the plaintiff, "And also, you still have your best friend alive" (32, 40, 48); she also references his "beste frend" in the envoy when appealing to his "noblesse" to help Chaucer to a higher estate. [3] The title Duke of Somerset was no longer available, having been granted in 1547 by King Edward VI[6] to his uncle Edward Seymour, Lord Protector, which family and title survives today. Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) 3. He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came courtesy of his second wife Constance, who was an heir to the Castillian Kingdom, and for a time styled himself as such. By Katherine Swynford (ne de Roet/Roelt), mistress and later wife (children legitimised 1397): Through advantageous marriages and land grants, John became exceedingly wealthy and influential at his father's court.. 'Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster' John of Gaunt (1340-1399) was the son of one king and the father of another. Page 16, 12 November 1910 THE DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. His direct male line, the House of Lancaster, would rule England from 1399 until the time of the Wars of the Roses. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. These sources are attached to each ancestor so that you can personally judge their reliability. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. John (1362-1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short lived boy called John in 1366. This effectively kept him off the scene while England endured the major political crisis of the conflict between Richard II and the Lords Appellant, who were led by John of Gaunt's younger brother Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. In September, the siege was simply abandoned and the army returned ingloriously to England. About Me. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. For places and organisations named after him, see, A portrait commissioned in c. 1593 by Sir, John of Gaunt: Son of One King, Father of Another, Kathryn Warner, Amberley Publishing, 2022. But even after the government acceded to virtually all their demands, the Commons then refused to authorise any funds for the war, losing the sympathy of the Lords as a result. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII . He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. Privacy Policy | ContactMe 2010-2023 FamousKin.com. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. All U.S. Presidents Are Related -12 Year Old Girl Discovers That All Edward of. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. In addition, John's daughter Catherine of Lancaster was married to King Henry III of Castile, which made him the grandfather of King John II of Castile and the ancestor of all subsequent monarchs of the Crown of Castile and united Spain. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the thronethe phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status")was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Bolingbroke then reigned as King Henry IV of England (1399-1413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the throne of England. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. By Constance of Castile: ", File:Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester.jpg, https://johnian.joh.cam.ac.uk/Beaufort-Society, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Beaufort&oldid=1144813182. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. (1953). It is earliest associated with Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296) (the younger son of King Henry III) whose third son John of Lancaster (1286-1317) was called "Seigneur of Beaufort". During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow Katherine Swynford (whose sister Philippa de Roet was married to Chaucer). He was made Earl of Richmond in September 1342. Through John II of Castile's great-granddaughter Joanna the Mad, John of Gaunt is also an ancestor of the Habsburg rulers who would reign in Spain and much of central Europe. [3] Biography . John of Gaunt Family Tree (3815) - Famous Kin Their children were given the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. Corrections? Questions raised over Queen's ancestry after DNA test on Richard III's The Somerset family has long borne the arms of Beaufort undifferenced, with the baton sinister adopted by Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, discontinued. London: Nichols & Son, 1826. The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street,[45] the John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road,[46] as well as various street names. John of Gaunt died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. Includes . ), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p.125, Planche, J.R., Pursuivant of Arms, 1851, p.xx, Beaufort Society's website (Google's cache of, "The Lancastrian Esses Collar (Appendix 7)" erenow.net, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, List of coats of arms of the House of Plantagenet, "The Wars of the Roses: York v Beaufort? However, he did not immediately return to the province, but remained in England and mainly ruled through seneschals as an absentee duke. Four or more generations of descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) if they are properly linked:1. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster | Biography, Family, & Facts 1st Duke of Lancaster. His second son John became the first Duke of Somerset in 1443.[3]. John invested the town for four days in October, but he was losing so many men to dysentery and bubonic plague that he decided to abandon the siege and return to Calais. The death of the Black Prince on 8 June 1376 and the onset of Edward III's last illness at the closing of Parliament on 10 July left John with all the reins of power. The family tree for John of Gaunt should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. [31] A wall memorial in the crypt of the present cathedral lists Gaunt's as among the important lost monuments.

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